Impala Platinum Holdings Limited (Implats) is in the business of mining, refining and the marketing of the platinum group metals (PGMs), especially platinum, as well as nickel, copper and cobalt. Implats is also involved in the secondary sourcing of material through Impala Refining Services (IRS) which enables it to capitalise on the group's competitive advantages in processing and refining. The group's operations on the Bushveld Complex in South Africa (Impala Platinum, Marula Platinum and Two Rivers) and the Great Dyke in Zimbabwe (Zimplats and Mimosa) give it a significant base of attributable reserve and resource ounces of platinum. Implats also has investments in Aquarius Platinum Limited and its subsidiary Aquarius Platinum (South Africa) Limited which have PGM operations in southern Africa. There are also offshore exploration projects in Australia, Brazil and the United States. Implats employs approximately 31,000 people across its operations and is one of the most efficient and lowest cost primary platinum producers in the world. Implats' primary listing (IMP) is on the JSE Limited (JSE) with a secondary listing (IPLA) on the London Stock Exchange. The company has a sponsored level 1 ADR program (IMPUY) in the United States.